Photographic shutter.



L. J. E. COL'ARDEAU & J. RIGHARD.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13, 1911.

Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Fig.6.

wanton: I q:- M. 2% {Mm/.0 %a, wz

Attorney.

L. J. E. GOLARDEAU & J. RICHARD. PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13, 1911.

Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET z [126D (ID WWW I GD .(11) ,4 i d Nb W' F 34 3 3 a! l'll 75 1 n!!! ail fun I a x b 1 p2 I] 94 e 1 3 (D W tel. &3 7" qe fi fill) :l

4 ZWW7W 14m P L. J. E. GOLARDEAU.& J. RICHARD. Y

PHOTOGBAPHIO SHUTTER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE13, 1911.

4... law m 052.... 4... M

Attorney.

L. J. E. GOLARDEAU & J'. RICHARD.

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13, 1911.

Patented NOV. 17, 1914.

4 SHEBTSSHEET 4.

a I M M mm f" u 3 ouis aosnrn EMMANUEL commune AND autnsnfcmnn, or rams, FRANCE.

a .of whic PHOTOGRAIHIC' SHUTTER.

' Specification g rv'rsa it they concern Be it known that we,

Louis .Iosern Elit- MANUEL IYCOLARDEAU, of 13 Rue deNavarin,

' rofes sor at the Colle e Rollin, and drums 5 ioH'A'nu, of 25 Rue elin ue, instrument '-maker, both' in the city of of] -rance, have invented ing isaa full, clear, and exact description! e present invention has forits object ashutter for photographic apparatus, permitting one to obtain at will, either the. ordiy 9 f ime exposure, erator regulates his judglmcnt, or an exposure,- the duration finally an instantaneous or very This shutter is characterby a carriage capable of posltions which correspond vance. or; rapid exposure.

ized principally 0 occupying three respectively to the three cases above ,mentime tioned, that is to say, ordinary or exposure, exposure for a time regulated in advance, and an .instantaneous exposure. In 5 the-firstfposition' of 'sponding to the ordinary or time exposure, in exposure-lever, which is mounted onthe; carriage, canbe pushed by means of an actuating lever provided with an ex- 0 ternally projecting presser-member orhandie to momentarily engage the obturatingplate or shutter when the latter, in its movement, brings its apertures in front of the objectives, t is shutter being then stopped for 5 the whole duration of the exposure by a detent or releasing lever. In the same position, a piece mounted on the carriage, 'puts out of action an automatic actuating or controlling lever, itself controlled by a spring 0 and provided with a dash-pot, the piston of which can move at a variable speed, which permits the speed of this lever to be regulated at will. In the second position,

abutmentor stop mount- 5 ed on the carriage limits the amplitude of the movement Which can be imparted to the actuating lever, insuch a manner that the exposure lever can no longer be driven by the actuating lever and becomes inactive, at

t e same time as the detent or releasing lever becomes independent of this actuating lever; on the other hand, the automatic actuatlng lever is'released and can actuate the detent or rel-easlng lever when a certain time 5 has elapsed after the instant that pressure has been'applied to the presser-member or of Letters Patent.

Application filed 11111 .1 3, 1911.

aris, Republic remains inactive as before an an Improved Photographic Shutter, of which the follow-" of which the op-' of example only, in, t the duration according'toif is regulated automatically'in adthis carriage, corre-.

14 relate to instantaneous exposures.

f Patented Nov. 17, 1914. Serial in. 632,898.

handle of the actuating lever, which time depends on the adjustment Which has been given to the dash-pot- In the third position, whlch corresponds 'to the case of an instantaneous exposure, the ex osure lever moreover, the detent or he manner that, when th her or handle is pressed, the shutter passes from the set position to the position of rest, w1 thout stopping and at a high speed.

" The invention is represented, but by way e accompanying drawe presser-mem- F lgure'l'is an elevation of the new shutter-seen" rom the'exterior. Fig. 2 is an elevation looking 'froln the interior. Figs. 3, 4 andv 5 are sections on the lines AA, BB and #C respectively of Fig. 2. Figs. 6 to 1 1 are analogous views to Fig. 2, the parts occupying the difierentpositions which they occupy during the several phases of the operation. F igs.'2, 6, 7, 8 and -9 relates to the ordinary or time exposure. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 relate to exposures, the duration of which is regulated in advance. Figs. 13 and Fi s. 15, 1.5 ,16,16 ,17, 17 18,18, 19 and 19 a re detail"views. Fig. 20-22 are details of the retarding mechanism. Figs. 23 and 24: represent further detail views.

s "shown in these drawings, the new shutter comprises superposed obturating plates or shutters a and 6 (Figs. 2, 3 and 5) shown separately in Figs. 15 and 15*. These shutters respectively have windows a and 6 arranged at the same distance apart as the objectives 0 (Fig. 4) they, are actedupon by springs a 12 (Fig. 2) secured at one end to a fixed piece (I and at the other "end to the shutters; the spring 6 is attached to a bracket or pin 6 fixed to the shutter 72 and extending through a slot (2? in the shutter a (Figs. 2 and 15). This shutter b bears, on the opposite side, a button b 1) which serves to set the shutter-'mec anl sm. This button 6 can be moved in a window 0' in the casing 0 of the shutter.

Onthe' shutter a are ,fixed two pins a. and oz and a finger $1 This finger can engage with the nose 6 of an actuating lever e and with a projection f The actuating lever eis pivoted at 6 (Figs. 2 and '16) its ende projects at theexterior and forms a presser-member or handle; it

releasing lever is locked, in

on a releasing lever f. U

" incline f finally,

riage Z, and provided .k-(Fig. 1).

bears two pins 6* and c and is provided with aspring 6?. The releasing'lever f is pivoted at f (Figs. 2 and 17 addition to the projection f, another, projection F, on which the lever e is to act, and it has a pin f its left-hand end forms an it is subjected to the action of a spring f attached to a fixed point. The pin 6* of the actuating lever e can-act on an exposure leverl'g (Figs. 2 and 18) pivoted at g. on a projection g on the carwith a spring 9 and g and a' projection 9 the lever f is in contac having an incline The incline on with the end ver h, subjected to the action of a spring h turningabout h and coupled by a connecting rod k to the rod 6 of a damping piston inclosed in a cylinder 7' forming a dash-pot. The cross-sectional area of the air-escape passage is regulated by the aid of a button This is effected by the following mechanism (see Figs. 20, 21 .and 22). The art 70 is milled and turns about a fixed shell 70. The part Iais provided with an orifice 7 the shell presents an opening 8 prolonged by a notch 9 of decreasing cross-section. The opening is in'communication with the interior 10o? the dash pot. In the position illustrated in Fig. 21-, the two openings 7 and 8 register one with the other; the-air-outletpassage has its maximum cross section. If 72' be rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, the cross section of the passage progressively de-- creases. Y

The carriage which serves to regulate the operation of the shutter for the time finger being carried by m. a A projection n is exposure, the exposure for a period ,regulated in advance, and the instantaneousexposure, comprises a plate Z'(Figs. 2, 4 and 19) provided with three notches Z, 1 Z in which a detent-finger m can engage, this fixed'to the plate Z, it'bears a button n which can be moved in a window inthe casing '0 (Fig. 1). This button a can be brought opposite, any one and to an instantaneous exposure.

of three signs P, -l-, T, which correspond respectively to-the time exposure, to the exposure for a period regulated in advaprie, e button a. may be rendered immovable, at one of these three positions by a fiat spring p capable of turning about 12' and having apertures p which can engage over the head of the sition which is given to it. The plate Z bears another projecting piece 9 (Figs. 2 and 19), which scrvesas an abutment for the. pin 6 on the actuating lever e. The plate Z bears a piece 1'; this is capable of locking the lever h by acting on a pin 72. or of locking" the detent or releasing lever f by means of itspin f For this purpose,

't bears, in

of an automatic controlling leder the the .end of a spring button n and lock it in the po.-.'

the piece T has a-slot 7'" which registers "with- 4 an incline r 7 The operation is as follows: As shown more particularly in Figs. 23 and 24:, a plate is provided with twosets of apertures 11, 12,

set being of difierent cording as the light is more or less intense, one or. othenof these apertures is brought opposite. the objectives in known manner. The" plate .10 is actuated by means of a handle or knob 16 moving in a slot 16 (Fig. 1) and canbe locked in three positions by means of a tooth 17 which enters one or other of three in the rear of the plate.

'ried by a spring member 15.

notches 14, 1d, 14*, formed This tooth is car- A'member w (see Fig-23) pivoted at we is provided for acting in known manner on the plate a' to retard its movement and prevent rebounding. The part 20 of the plate a passes unmember w when the plate moves in the direction of the arrow A (Fig. 23) while the portion 21 passes under themember w when movement takes place in the opposite direction R. The ,member 02 is adapted to receive and be actuated; in well known manner by means of a flexible Bow- 'den transmission.

a Let us suppose that it is desired to make an ordinary or time exposure. The button a is placed opposite the sign P, this brings the carriage the left (Fig. 2), the notch Z coming beneath the finger The piece 1' canpush against the pin h? and lock the automatic controlling lever; on cline g on the-lever g' mounts the pin a in such a manner that the lever 9 turns and the projection g as itsend advances toward the shutters or obturating plates. The

Z to its extreme position toward 1 the other hand, theinshutters now are in theposition shown in. j

Fig. 2.

To set the shutter-mechanism, the button I) is moved in the direction of the arrow 1 (Fig. 1) the shuter b accompanies the button b to which it is fixed; the pin or projection b abutting against the end of the window a also carries along the plate a; the. finger a of the shutter a clears the projection f of the lever f and the projection c of the lever'e, by slightly rocking these two levers; the different parts are then in the position shown in Fig. 6, in which itis assumed that the button I) has been moved as far as possible and then held by the operator. I V

If the operator then lets go of the button the shutter a is retained by the finger a which remains in engagement with the nose 6' ofthe lever e; butthe shutter 19, drawn back by its spring, moves toward the right (arrow 2) Fig. 6, the pin 6 then moving in the slot a until it brings windows I). opposite the objectives 0; the latter are covered ail-nuaat this moment by the shutter or plate a. The shutter is then set; this osition is shown-in Fig. 7. In order to e ed: the releasing of this shutter, pressure is applied to thepresser-member e (arrow 3) Figs. 7 and 8. This actionoscillates the lever e,.of which the projection e releases the finger a the shutter a, drawn by its spring a is returned rapidly toward the right (arrow 2) Figs. 6-8 and its windows a come Opposite the objectives a, which are then uncovered.

The shutter a is stopped at this position by the projection g of the lever g which has come into the path of the pin a and stops it. This position is shown in Fig. 8, which shows the parts at the instant when the press'er-member e is pushed in.

If'the presser-member is released, the exposure lever g returns to the position in Figs. 2 and 7, and the projection '9 leaves the pin a the shutter a. moves slightly, but is immediately stopped by the finger a meeting the abutment f of the lever f, this position being shown in Fig. 9. The objectives c arethen open and remain so during the whole time it is desired that the exposure shall last. 7

When the operator wishes to close the objectives, he again presses the presser-memher a which motion oscillates the lever e the right-hand end of the lever e presses against the abutment f of the lever f, see

the arrow 4 (Fig. 9), and the said lever turns downward about its pivot, the abutment f leaves the finger a and the plate a returns to its position of rest closing the objectives; the parts then again take up the position shown in Fig. 2. When the pressermember 6 is thus pressed for the second time, the exposure lever g, pressed by the pin e oscillates and the projection 9* advances toward the pin a but it then comes behind this pin, by reason of the slight movement toward the right which the shutter a, has made in passing from the position where it was retained by the pin .a (Fig. 8) to that where it is retained by the abutment f (Fig. 9). Nothing then prevents the plate a; from moving back the whole dis- .tance toward the right.

As will be seen from what precedes, the operator can cause the exposure to'last for the time which he considers suitable, as in the greater number of shutters. In pressing a first time on the presser-membere, he

opens the objectives; by ressing a second time, he closes them, the time of exposure is equal to the interval between these two actuations of the presser-member.

In order to obtain exposure of a duration regulated inadvance, the operator brings the button n opposite the sign (Fig. 1). In moving this buttonfrom P toward'-+, it carries the carriage with it toward the right, in such a manner that the finger 1. falls into lever e, in such a manner that the angle through which the actuating lever can be turned and consequently the turning of the exposure lever g is limited by the abutmentof this pin against the piece 9. Under these conditions,- the projection g of the exposure lever cannot comeinto the path of the pin a. On the other hand, the actuating lever 0 cannot act on the abutment f of the releasing lever; this latter-lever thus becomes independent of the actuating lever. In the second place, the piece 7, moving toward the right, ceases to press the pin it of the controlling lever it toward the left; this lever is released and takes up the position shown in Fig. 10, in which its end if resting on the incline f turns aside the detent-or releasing lever f from the shutters and from the path of the finger a. The shutter-mechanism is then prepared for making exposures automatically regulated in advance; the parts of the shutter occu pying the position shown in Fig. 10.

The duration of the exposure is regulated by turning the button is (Fig. 1), which controls an escape cock partially closing the air-exit of the dash-pot cylinder; in turning this button, the cock is opened or closed, and thus the speed with which the piston of the dash-pot can be moved is regulated. On this speed depends the duration of the exposure for a time regulated in advance, as will beseen hereinafter. In order to set the shutter, the button I) is moved in the direction 1 Fig. 1 as before; by the aid of this button, the shutters a and b are moved toward the left (Fig. 10) and the pin 6 drives the shutter a with the shutter b,- as has already been explained.

\Vhen the-pin a meets the lever h, it effects the oscillation of this lever in the direction indicated by the arrow 5 (Fig. 11) in this motion, the dash-pot does not -ofier resistance to the movement of the lever h, the turning of this lever it permits the re leasing lever f also to rock while approaching the shutters or ohturating plates, see the the presser-member e; the projection e leaves the finger a The shutter a, by its spring, moves toward the right, until its finger a is stopped by the abutment f of the releasing lever whlch comes into the path of this finger a. In this moment, the

windows .a come in front of the objectives the arrow 7. This movement is retarded by the-dash-pot. As the lever it turns, its end k rests on the incline and causes the releasing lever to oscillate. A moment arrives at which this lever allows the finger a to escape; the shutter a returns immediately to the'position' of rest closing the objectives. The exposure thus lasts, in this case, from the instant when pressure is applied to the presser-member until the moment when the lever f leaves the finger a; this time depends on the speed with which the releasing lever is moved aside, that is to say, the speed with which the lever 72. turns. This last speed can be regulated at will by the aid of the button is as above mentioned, which permits the duration of the exposure to be regulated in advance. A graduation k (Fig. 1) moreover indicates this time.

In order to obtain instantaneous exposure, the button at is brought opposite'the sign I (Fig. 1). Consequently, the carriage is moved toward the right (Fig. 13) until the finger m is brought into the notch Z This movement of the carriage has for its result to lock the releasing lever in a position wherein the abutment f is moved out of the path of the finger a. In fact, the incline r moves the pin f until it comes opposite the slot 1' and this slot fits on to the pin f'*.

I The piece 9 again comes opposite the pin 6 of the actuating lever and limits its travel as in the previous case. The position of the parts of the shutter is shown in Fig. 13. The setting of the shutter takes place as already described; the finger a hooks on the projection e of the lever e. The set position is shown in Fig. 14. As the presser-member c is pressed in, the projection 6 leaves the finger a. The shutter a is drawn back passes from the set position to the position of rest in a single motion. In this movement, the windows a pass in front of the objectives, which are uncovered for a very short period of time.

It should be remarked that the movement of the obturating plate or shutter is not retarded by any accessory part-carried along with it, since at this moment, it is entirely free and, in particular, it is independent of the piston of the dash-pot.

It will thus be seen that, with the new shutter, it is possible to obtain either an exposure of a duration variable at the will names! of the operator, or an exposure of a duraby way of example; the form, dimensions,

and detailed arrangements can be varied in all cases without modifying the principle of the invention.

Claims:

1. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, in combination with a shutter plate, means for actuating said shutter plate accordin to the position of the carriage, and controlllng means adapted to allow of the movement of the shutter at a predetermined speed when the carriage is in the second mentioned position.

2. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, in combination with a shutter, actuating means for releasing the shutter, releasing means acted upon by the carriage, and means for modifying the exposure according to the position of theparriage.

3. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, in combination with a shutter plate, means for actuating said shutter plateaccording to the position in which said carriage is set, and means for locking the carriage in any one of its three positions 4:. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriageadapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of t1me regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure,

in combination with an objective, a shutter in combination with means for actuating said shutter plate according to the riage is set.

6. In shutter; mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding'to an ordinary exposure, to-an exposure for a period ,oftime regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, an objective, a shutter plate, an actuating lever, a releasing lever adapted to engage when said actuating plate is operated, and

. retarding means adapted to disengage the releasing lever from the shutter plate and to allow the movement of said plate past the objective at a predetermined speed.-

In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinaryexposure, to an exposure forv a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure,

an actuating lever, a projection on said lever, and an exposure lever for determining according to whether it is active or inactive,

the duration of exposure and formed with an inclined surface adapted to cooperate with said projection. 8. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions.corresponding to an ordinary exposure, an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and to an lnstantaneous exposure, in combination with a shutter plate, actuating means for said plate, a pin on said lever, and a projection on the carriage adapted to engage with said pin.

9. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance,

and to an instantaneous exposure, in combi nation with ashutter plate, means for actuating the shutter plate, a releasing lever an inclined surface, and a conformed with trolling lever adapted to engagesaid inclined surface and disengage said releasing said shutter plate to allow the photographic apparatus,

a carriage adapted to position in which said carwith said shutter plate,

means to shift th occupy any one of occupy any one of three positions correspondin to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure or a period of time regulated-automatlcally in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, in combination with an ob ective, a shutter plate, locking means for said carriage, an exposure lever shifted by and in the movement of said carriage, a releasing lever, an actuating lever adapted to operate primarily the shutter mechanism,

d an automatically acting controlling lever adapted to act on said releasing lever and to allow the movement of graphic apparatus, an objective, and a car riage adapted to occupy any oneof three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, in combination with mechanism for effecting the first mentioned exposure, said mechanism comprising e'carriage into its corresponding-position, means to ,lock the carriagein such position, a shutter plate, an

said shut toward the objective, an exposure/ lever adapted to retain said shutter plate in its movement, a releasing lever adapted to retain said pl said plate is disengaged from said exposure lever when the operation of the actuating lever is discontinued, said shutter plate returning to its normal position when said actuating lever is again operated.

13. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions correspond ing to an ordinary exposure,

inadvance, in combination with mechanism for effecting the second-mentioned exposure, said mechanism comprising a shutter plate, an actuating lever adapted when operated to disengage itself from said shutter plate to allow said plateto move, a releasing lever adapted to engage said shutter plate toinate opposite the objective after terrupt its movement, and retarding means adapted to disengage said releasing lever from said shutterr' plate to allow the plate to return to its original position.

14. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period oftime regulated automatically in advance, and to an instantaneous position, a shutter plate, an actuating lever adapted when operated to disengage itself from said shutter plate to allow said plate to move, a releasing lever adapted to engage.

said shutter plate to interrupt its movement,

and retarding means adapted to disengage said releasing lever from said shutter plate to allow the plate to return to its original position.

15. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions.corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of time regulated auto matically in advance, and to an instantaneous exposure, in combination with mechanism for effecting the last-mentioned exposure, said mechanism comprising a shutterplate, a releasing lever, means acting during the movement of said carriage to shift said releasin lever out of the path of the shutter plate ut engaging said releasing lever with said carriage, and an actuating lever adapted when operated to disen gage itself from the shutter plate and allow said plate to pass to the objective rapidly and to return to its normal p JSltlOIl.

16. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to.

occupy any one of three positions correspondi n to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure or a period of time regulated auto matically in advance, andvto an instantaneous ex osure, in combination with mechanism dr efiecting the last-mentioned exposure, said mechanism'comprising means said releasing lever with said carriage, and

an actuating lever adapted when operated to disengage itself from the shutter plate and allow said plate to pass to the objective rapidly and to return to its normal position.

17. In shutter mechanism for photographic apparatus, a carriage adapted to occupy any one of three positions corresponding to an ordinary exposure, to an exposure for a period of time regulated automatically in advance, and an instantaneous exposure, in combination with mechanism for effecting the last-mentioned exposure, said mechanism comprising a shutter plate, an objective, a releasing lever, means to lock said lever out of the path of the shutter plate, and an actuating lever adapted to said plate in the objective. 1

The foregoing specification of our improved photographic shutter signed by us this 20th day of May, 1911.

Witnessesz' DEAN B. MASON, GEORGE CHARLES GOQUET- rapid motion past 

